Kitchens. Design and interior design.

Kitchen furniture is a fairly profitable production. That is why almost every furniture factory undertakes the production of kitchen sets. However, even the samples presented in the exhibition halls, although they look attractive, are produced with broken proportions. The standard functional dimensions do not match already at the project development stage. Due to this, the functional and operational characteristics of the furniture are lost. When cooking, its own technological chain is provided. It is completely broken and torn due to the latest planning solutions that ignore the standards.

It is worth noting that even in domestic apartments, the space is not always rationally organized. If today, when building houses and designing apartments, more and more attention is paid to the convenience for residents, then earlier, in order to save money, they placed sinks in such a way as to save the meter of pipes. A similar practice was used with a gas stove. Today, many solutions have been found for installing a sink and stove in any place in the kitchen. It is difficult only to bypass the vertical gas riser, but this problem is also solvable.

Previously, there was a special organization - the Institute of Housing Design, where a special interior department worked. Every new layout was carefully considered here. Various options for installing furniture, plumbing, and stoves were played. The Design Institute worked together with the Furniture Institute, so that the furniture modules fit perfectly into the space of the rooms. Now such work is not being carried out, so it is often necessary to make kitchens according to individual sizes.

It is worth mentioning about the window openings, the height of which is also different. For example, recently the lowered height of the window sill is popular, that is, it is no longer possible to install a cabinet or a bedside table under the window.

Last year, a furniture exhibition was held in Luzhniki, where it was shown that the model range is being improved, new interesting developments are appearing, the quality of furniture manufacturing is improving, but kitchen sets do not meet the norms and standards in many respects according to functional requirements. For example, household cabinets, or cabinets-speakers. They must have a stand of the top drawer with dimensions of 1250 mm. In fact, this indicator is almost always exceeded.

Following the results of the exhibition, the experts put forward several issues for discussion. One of the ideas is to hold a special competition, where kitchen furniture will be presented without finishing and color design, in white. Thus, it will be possible to evaluate the ease of operation of various options. The design and decoration will not distract from the main thing – operational characteristics. The idea has not been implemented yet.

About thirty years ago, mass residential development was carried out. At that time, various research institutes and design bureaus conducted research on the most convenient parameters of kitchen furniture. Unification of furniture modules with engineering systems was carried out. When designing a kitchen set, refrigerators, hoods, gas stoves were taken into account. At that time, there were strict standards that contributed to the comfortable existence of the hostess in the kitchen. There was also a set of recommendations for improving the characteristics.

Independent tests have proved that with illiterate planning and arrangement of furniture in the kitchen, a woman is forced to constantly bend, squat, stretch up, and also walk several kilometers during the day in the kitchen. All this affects the time that the process of cooking, washing dishes, cleaning takes. A kitchen block of modules can be compared with a workbench or with an equipped laboratory.

The development of standards for the production of kitchen furniture takes into account the rational distribution over the entire area of the room. The automation of manual labor, mechanization is taken into account. The Institute of Aesthetics has identified a number of sequential operations that are performed during cooking. It was identified on the basis of research practices at home and abroad. The results of the study helped to develop the optimal sizes of furniture, as well as the sequence of placement of working areas.

The average height of each workplace according to the proposal of VNIITE (Institute of Aesthetics) is 850 mm. The generally accepted size was obtained based on the parameters of the average female height. For Northern Europe and Scandinavia, a different standard was subsequently introduced – 900 mm.

When developing new models of kitchen sets, designers should remember that in recent years, the parameters of a person have practically not changed. That is, the standards developed earlier are still applicable today. Their compliance leads to the fact that the furniture will be convenient to use. In addition, there are regulations that make kitchen furniture absolutely non-economic.

Designers often forget that the arrangement of zones in a certain sequence makes the kitchen convenient and comfortable for the hostess. In the pursuit of originality and individual design solutions, the designer forgets that the main goal of his work is to create an ergonomic space for cooking.

A small kitchen leaves its mark on the location and sequence of zones. But even in this case, there are suitable solutions. For example, special covers have been developed for washing, which are superimposed on top and transform the sink into a table or cutting board.

In accordance with the technology of cooking, the workplaces are arranged in the following sequence:

1. Fridge
2. Area for cleaning and pre-preparation of the product
3. Sink and a place for garbage
4. Place for cutting and final processing
5. Heat treatment plate
6. Serving area

The work of designers in practice is to bring to perfection the kitchen set installed in this sequence. To do this, some parameters and positions may change within the permissible deviations.

In the future, there will come a time when there will be even more appliances and electronics in the kitchen than now. A computer will be used for cooking and controlling this process, which in turn will also require standardization. Today, the development of such standards is the task of several research institutes, the Institute of Furniture and other institutions.

Some sizes of cabinets from the kitchen set according to the standard

• The height of the bedside table-850 mm
• The height of the additional pedestal-from 620 mm
• The distance from the working surface to the lower level of the cabinet on the wall - from 450 mm
• The width of the cabinet-table is 600 mm
• The internal depth of the utility cabinet-from 460 mm
• The size of the wall cabinet is 300 mm

These are just some of the normalized parameters. It is allowed to deviate from them within the normal limits.

Pub date: 2017.02.25